Suchergebnisse

Life expectancy in Spain is among the highest in the world. Nevertheless, we do not know if improvements in health conditions at older ages have followed postponements of death. Previous studies in Spain show a stable trend in years lived in ill health in the past. In this paper we investigate changes between 2006, 2012 and 2017 in life expectancy with and without disease at age 65 in Spain and, for the first time, in Spanish regions, which have autonomous powers of health planning, public health and healthcare. Results show that, at the country level, disease-free life expectancy reduced between 2006 and 2017 in Spain. This was explained by an expansion of most diseases except for some cardiovascular and respiratory chronic conditions. However, at the regional level the evolution was different, especially regarding each disease and sex. First, regional differences reduced between 2006 and 2012 but largely widened in 2017, suggesting that not all regions had the same ability to recover after the 2008 financial crisis that caused government cuts to health services. Second, regional analysis also highlighted diverging trends by sex. While men experienced expansion of morbidity in most regions, women experienced a compression in about half of them, ending up with women showing higher disease-free life expectancies than men in 9 out of the 17 regions considered. This study, then, calls attention to the importance of focusing the analysis of health surveillance to more disaggregated levels, more in accordance with the level of health management, as regional trends showed heterogeneity in the prevalence of diseases and different progresses in the relationship between sexes.

La investigación profundiza en la triple discriminación de género en la transición entre el mercado laboral y la pensión de jubilación. Para ello, se utilizan dos fuentes de datos: los módulos específicos de la Encuesta de Población Activa en 2006 y 2012 y la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales entre 2004 y 2016. Se construyen las tablas de permanencia en el mercado laboral por edad y años cotizados, según sexo y nivel educativo, utilizando el análisis de Cox. A diferencia de los hombres, las mujeres presentan un alto porcentaje de no vinculación al empleo, una corta carrera laboral con acceso tardío a la pensión (para poder acumular suficientes años de cotización) y una fuerte diferenciación según educación. Se concluye que la discriminación ha disminuido, pero no ha desaparecido.

Este artículo analiza dos posibles condicionantes de la discapacidad entre los mayores españoles (edades 65-89) residentes en hogares: su adscripción generacional y su estatus socioeconómico. Se utilizan microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España con los que se construye un indicador de discapacidad en escala continua a partir de la autonomía declarada para la realización de actividades cotidianas. Se aplican modelos de regresión lineal para hombres y mujeres con las siguientes variables de control: edad, cohorte de nacimiento, nivel educativo y estatura autodeclarada. Los resultados indican estabilidad en los niveles de discapacidad entre grupos sucesivos de generaciones y la existencia de un gradiente socioeconómico de discapacidad, especialmente entre las mujeres y en las edades centrales de la vejez (70 a 79 años).

AbstractThe increasing proportion of persons living alone has come to be emblematic in many ways of modern Western societies because it represents the importance conceded to the individual and to individual goals at the expense, basically, of the family. Solo living has been interpreted within the context of changing values and preferences, changing personal and conjugal realities, and the changing work contexts so often associated with the Second Demographic Transition. We know little about patterns and trends in living alone over the life course in much of the world because most research to date has concentrated on regional and national portrayals or on living arrangements in later life. This study provides a systematic look at the differences in living alone by age and sex in 113 countries. Our aim is to understand the extent to which behavior differs around the world and the implications this has for society. We also examine the relationship between trends in living alone and levels of human development. Results are taken from three massive datasets: census and survey microdata from IPUMS‐international, Demographic Health Surveys, and EU‐Labor Force Surveys.